Arizona

Important Ideas and Facts:

Geography and Climate:

• Arizona is a landlocked state in the southwestern U.S., sharing borders with Utah, New Mexico, Nevada, California, and Mexico.
• It is the sixth-largest state, covering 113,998 square miles, with an average elevation of 4,000 feet
• Arizona is famous for its deep canyons, volcanic mountain ranges, and desert expanses. The Grand Canyon, one of the world’s most iconic natural wonders, is located here. 
• Most of the state has an arid or semi-arid climate, meaning it sees little rain and plenty of sunshine.
• Summers in the desert can push past 115°F, while the mountainous regions stay much cooler and even get snowfall in the winter.

Demographics:

• Arizona is home to over 7.5 million people, making it one of the fastest-growing states in the U.S. The population has increased by 5.9% since 2020, driven by migration and natural growth.

• The state has a rich racial and ethnic mix. About 53.4% of residents identify as non-Hispanic White, while 31.6% are Hispanic or Latino. Other racial groups include 5.7% Black or African American, 5.2% Native American, and 4.1% Asian

History:

• Arizona has been home to humans for thousands of years. Paleo-Indians settled in the region 10,000 to 12,000 years ago, followed by advanced civilizations like the Ancestral Puebloans, Hohokam, Mogollon, and Sinagua.

• In the 16th century, Spanish explorers arrived, claiming the land for Spain. Arizona later became part of Mexico in 1822, but after the Mexican-American War in 1848, the U.S. took control of the land north of the Gila River. The Gadsden Purchase in 1854 added the southern portion, allowing for railroad expansion.

• Arizona became a separate U.S. territory in 1863. It officially became the 48th state on February 14, 1912

Economy:

• Arizona’s economy has evolved from its historic reliance on copper, cattle, cotton, citrus, and climate (tourism) to a more diverse mix of industries.

• Copper mining remains a key industry, with Arizona producing two-thirds of the nation’s copper

• Manufacturing has also expanded, with companies like Intel, Raytheon, and Honeywell driving aerospace and semiconductor production.

• Tourism is a major economic driver, thanks to Arizona’s national parks, resorts, and warm climate.

Culture:

• Arizona’s cultural roots run deep, shaped by Native American tribes, Spanish settlers, and the rugged frontier spirit. The state is home to 22 federally recognized tribes, including the Navajo, Hopi, Apache, and Tohono O’odham, whose traditions, art, and ceremonies remain an integral part of Arizona’s identity.

• The Old West still echoes in Arizona’s cowboy culture, with rodeos, dude ranches, and historic mining towns preserving the frontier spirit. Meanwhile, modern influences shape the state’s culinary scene, blending Southwestern flavors with innovative dining experiences.

Arizona is a land of contrasts—where ancient traditions, breathtaking landscapes, and modern innovation come together to shape a state rich in history, culture, and opportunity.